EK 2.a.1 All living Systems require constant imput of free energy.
I.E.- Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle- regenerates starting material. Carbon enters and leaves as sugar.
The carbon cycle has three phases, the first phase is Carbon Fixation, the
second is Reduction, and the third is Regeneration of carbon dioxide. The Calvin cycle requires constant input of energy (ATP) in order for the cycle to work and create glucose for the cell.
http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/TFischer/bio%201%20files/Calvin%20cycle.jpg
(click picture for larger image).
The carbon cycle has three phases, the first phase is Carbon Fixation, the
second is Reduction, and the third is Regeneration of carbon dioxide. The Calvin cycle requires constant input of energy (ATP) in order for the cycle to work and create glucose for the cell.
http://faculty.irsc.edu/FACULTY/TFischer/bio%201%20files/Calvin%20cycle.jpg
(click picture for larger image).
I.E. Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)- occurs after Glycolysis, and takes pyruvate (which is created from glycolysis) and creates 2 ATP molecules for the cell. It completes the breakdown of glucose in cell respiration. This occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix.
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cellresp/Overview.gif
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cellresp/Overview.gif
I.E. Gylcolysis
Glycolysis is one of the metabolic processes in cell respiration. It needs the input of ATP (2) to produce 4 ATP for the cell, creating a net ATP of 2. This occurs outside of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Gycolysis does not need the input of oxygen to function (aerobic/anaerobic).
I.E. Fermentation
Fermentation is the breakdown of sugars without oxygen. It is the anaerobic way to create ATP by phosphoralation.( Ex: yeast baby).
E.K. 2.a.2. Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological process.
I.E. NADP+ in photosynthesis
.In photosynthesis NADP+
combines with hydrogen ions, producing NADPH which is a necessary part of the Calvin
cycle because it helps the cell create glucose
I.E. Oxygen in Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration uses oxygen. It is very efficient and produces a lot of ATP. The aerobic stages in cellular respiration include the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
E.K. 4.b.1. Interactions between molecules affect their structure and function.
No Illustrative examples given
STUDY GUIDES
1. Here is a quizlet someone created with vocab and main ideas about energetics.
http://quizlet.com/1517951/biology-photosynthesis cell-respiration-study-guide-flash-cards/
2. Here is a link to Hippocampus, which explains all the cahpters and pages of the Campbell text book through videos.
http://www.hippocampus.org/Biology?view=Textbooks
3. Study guide of chapter 9 Cell respiration
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6900126/AP-Bio-Chapter-Nine-Cellular-Respiration-Harvesting-Chemical-Energy
4.Study guide for chapter 10 Photosynthesis
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7652052/AP-Bio-Chapter-Ten-Photosynthesis
http://quizlet.com/1517951/biology-photosynthesis cell-respiration-study-guide-flash-cards/
2. Here is a link to Hippocampus, which explains all the cahpters and pages of the Campbell text book through videos.
http://www.hippocampus.org/Biology?view=Textbooks
3. Study guide of chapter 9 Cell respiration
http://www.scribd.com/doc/6900126/AP-Bio-Chapter-Nine-Cellular-Respiration-Harvesting-Chemical-Energy
4.Study guide for chapter 10 Photosynthesis
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7652052/AP-Bio-Chapter-Ten-Photosynthesis